Lack of Civic Sense

Lack of Civic Sense By

Mudreqa Saleem
Muhammad Obaid Javed
Arsalan Gul

Abstract

The world of work has changed enormously over time. Conditions, attitudes and expectations that prevailed in the ages before the industrial revolution were different from those that developed during this great period of social, technological and economic change. The purpose of the research is to discussed about what is our research all about, what is the background of the topic, and what are the main problems related to it. In this we have tried to figure out objectives of the research on basis hypothesis and research questions.
The researcher used survey as research method. On the bases of our analyses we have interviewed people through questionnaire to get back their feedback on our research topic and we have shown from where we have collected our data and what the ethical things to be taken in consideration are
After the suvery we have done analysis of the questionnaire and try to discuss what are the main problems of lack of civic sense.
Chapter 5 is about the conclusion. And conclusion did support our hypothesis so our research was a success.

Acknowledgment
This report is dedicated to all the people who love Karachi, and don’t want to spoil the beauty of Karachi, and after this I would like to dedicate this research work to my teacher Dr. Khalid Jameel Rawat who helped me at all stages to complete this research report in the best way possible.

Letter of Transmittal:
The Course lecturer 9th May 2010
Writing Research Report
Iqra University,
Main Campus,Karachi.
Dear Dr. Khalid Jameel Rawat
Subject: Research Report
We feel immense pleasure in presenting to your good self, the research report as part of our course requirement. I found this report to be truly challenging in many aspects, indeed very interesting in relation to the various interpretational and engrossing exercises. Writing this report itself was truly comprehensive learning experience.
In this report we have tried to highlight lack of civic sense by giving pictorial facts of day to day happenings and the nature, attitude, behavior of the citizens. It’s never too late to decide by our scholars Phylythrofest, politicians, bureaucrats last but not the least we our self should do something on it, some positive thing.
we have tried our level best to complete the report with respect to the desired requirements. However, if any explaining is required, I would be honored to oblige. Kindly accept this humble effort of bringing forward our research and findings on the subject matter.
Yours sincerely,
Obaid Javed Mudreqa Saleem
Arsalan Gul
Abstract i
Acknowledgment ii
Letter of Transmittal: iii
1. INTRODUCTION.. 1
1.1 Statement of the Problem.. 1
1.2 Background. 2
1.3 Purpose. 2
1.4 Research Objectives. 3
1.5 Research Questions. 3
1.6 Hypothesis. 4
1.7 SUMMARY.. 4
2. REVIEW OF LITURATURE.. 5
2.1 ARTICLE ANALYSIS: 6
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.. 15
3.1 Methodology: 15
3.2 Research Design: 15
3.3 Sample and Population: 16
3.4 Reliability. 16
3.5 Validity. 17
3.6 Data Collection. 17
3.7 Ethical Considerations. 18
3.8 Research Findings: 18
4. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION.. 19
4.1 Data Analysis. 19
4.2 Result 28
6. RECOMMENDATIONS. 31
7. REFERENCE.. 33
8. APPENDIX.. 34
1. INTRODUCTION
Civic sense means social ethics the positive perception, understanding, attitudes, towards society or community. The behavior between persons and group, civility. Principle of society as the oath said of scout to help other people at all times; to keep myself physically strong, mentally awake, and morally straight.
Civic sense is that sense in an individual which makes him a civilized citizen of a country. As far as the normal understanding is concerned, it is felt that people from cultured, educated and belonging to the upper strata are more or less quite civilized and have a huge stock of civic sense.
This may be true in other countries but, as far as we are concerned, what is inherently wrong with us that we, no matter which state and what background we belong to, we are utterly lacking in civic sense.
Many people aren’t sure of the meaning of this word – civic sense. That’s because many don’t know about how much they can use the resource of the society. Every citizen has the right to enjoy civic amenities like drinking water, electricity, transport facilities etc.
It is the duty of every citizen to use these civic amenities properly and pay the bills and other taxes imposed by the government and local bodies promptly.
1.1 Statement of the Problem
· Perceptions of people about the lack of civic sense in karachi.Is it good or bad? What is the cause of this?
· How do people experience civic responsibility
· What is the perception of people who don’t follow the rules
· What is the extend of breaking civic law in Karachi
· What is the attitude of law enforcement agencies towards people
· What is the perception/attitude of normal people towards the rule breakers?
Lack of civic sense, the topic itself says it all. But I would like to give you a brief description what problems we are going to discuss in this report. We all were keen to know why people break the traffic rules, drive recklessly, why don’t they throw garbage In dustbins, why they spit on the roads, to get their work cut off gave bride and complete their work with wrong means and etc. from our point of view lack of civic sense is because of the people are not much educated, the ratio of educated people is very less. Therefore after knowing so many problems it was necessary for us to get to the root of their problems and why people like to do this and not follow the right path.
1.2 Background
I have selected the general category as the basis of my report. Within the general category I would be conducting my research on the perceptions and views of students and general public regarding the lack of civic sense in our city.
I have always had a keen interest in the way people think and act about certain things and that is why I would be doing and in depths analysis and research on the lack of civic sense.
1.3 Purpose
Purpose of this research report is to create awareness among people, guiding them to follow the rules which govt has made for us and to reduce the illiteracy among people.
1.4 Research Objectives
To know the psyche of people
· To got to know about why people don’t follow rules and regulations.
· Why do people throw garbage in dustbins
· Why they spit on the roads
· Why do they drive recklessly?
People by wrong means do their work.
· Bribe
· Favoritism
Using power or referring someone for something
1.5 Research Questions
1. What are the causes of lack of civic sense?

2. Why do we Pakistan's tend to throw garbage in open rather than dust bins?

3. Are you conscious about having a license and other documents?

4. Many of the people temper their electricity meters and put KUNDAAS. What is the cause of this?
5. Why do you break signals?
6. Can you take out work in government office without offering them bribe?
1.6 Hypothesis
Based on the overall research and the objectives and the purpose described we propose the following hypothesis:
· My study will be beneficial for all those who are part of our society, because it will be helping the people by creating awareness about civic sense.
· My study will also benefit the government to make the rules and regulations to overcome these problems including traffic problems, road accidents, mobile snatching, writing on walls etc.
· My study will also be beneficial for the students as they will have an equal opportunity and a forum to share their ideas perceptions and views about smoking and smokers.
· My study will also be beneficial for the students as they will have an equal opportunity and a forum to share their ideas perceptions and views about civic sense.
· It will also help the people to reduce the illiteracy among them.
1.7 SUMMARY
All the things discussed above will help and play an important role in the research work, people are so self obsessed that they don’t even bother to follow the rules. Even the government Organizations are not managed and don’t have the proper rules and they don’t do there work by honesty so people have to gave them bride to take out there work done and they are not properly organized.

2. REVIEW OF LITURATURE
Pakistan is poised to become a major economic force in the coming years. As economic influence of Pakistan in the world is reaching new heights, Pakistanis on the other hand are becoming increasingly uncivil. As a frequent traveler of public bus, I’ve seen that people don’t have basic courtesy to offer their seat to a woman or at least to an old person! And while a pregnant woman is trying to maintain balance in the public bus, conscious youngsters are sitting and chatting, and even the men or other women for that matter don’t have the basic courtesy to get up and offer their seat. Pakistan was seen as a country where the old are respected but this has now just reduced to being a farce.
Moreover, thanks to common man our state is untidy and public offices reek of foul smell. A corner in the public office is reduced to a garbage dump and on every road in the city; one can see people answering the call of nature. And even if there is a garbage can 10 meters down the road, people will anyway throw the garbage on the road. Though some people might not want to follow rules as they are above them, but don’t they realize some responsibility towards fellow citizens or at least nature!
Also, there is a growing disregard for the common man by those in power. It’s an assumption that the rules are not made for them, and they are not obliged to follow any law of the land. Standing in a queue at banks, I’ve often seen people getting their work done in an instant without having to wait like a common man. Just because they are connected, do they become more important? Why are they considered to be in a more hurry than us, what about us, isn’t our time as precious as theirs? Moreover, when we’re traveling by air, our flight is, more often than not, delayed because of some or the other VIP. Why don’t these VIPs realize that it is because of us, they are who they are and that they should be concerned with our issues rather than show interest towards us? But I believe, it’s our fault, we’re the ones who have put them on this pedestal where they can afford to ignore our concerns, as for us Pakistanis we only respect those who are never punctual and make us wait.
Know I would like to give you detail notes on what things include in civic sense:
Civic sense includes many crimes that are happening in our country. Following are the crimes that are included in civic sense and results in lacking of this civic sense.
· Street crimes
· Breaking Traffic Rules
· Reckless driving
· Road accidents
· Writing/Advertisements on Walls
· Spiting here and there
· Giving bribe to Government organizations
· Smoking In Public Places
2.1 ARTICLE ANALYSIS:
Street crimes:
Street crime is a loose term for criminal offences taking place in public places. It has moved to occupy the place once held by mugging.
According to London's Metropolitan Police Force, street crime is
Robbery, often called 'mugging', and also includes thefts from victims in the street where property is snatched and the victim is not assaulted.
Crime on the streets of a city may include many other types of offences, for example pick pocketing, the open carrying-on of the illegal drugs trade, prostitution in the form of soliciting outside the law, the creation of graffiti and vandalism of public property, and assaults. As a generic term street crime may include all of these, as well as offences against private property such as the proverbial stealing of hub caps. The adoption of zero tolerance policies for lower-level, non-violence’s has been based on an argument that there are links.
Snatching of mobiles:
The incidence of snatches and thefts at gunpoint, of cars, motorcycles, cell phones, purses, cash and other personnel belongings in markets, bazaars, parks and roadsides, collectively referred to as STREET CRIMES, has been growing at a frenetic rate over the past few years. Every day, on an average nearly 100 cases involving such crimes are reported, much larger and now growing numbers remained unreported owing to the increasing skepticism amongst the victims over police ability to ever recover their property. Very often, offering some form of resistance to the perpetrators ends up in some form of injury or death for the victim. As I was reading the newspaper on Saturday I came across an article.
Traffic situation in Karachi:
In Karachi is getting worse with each passing day. On one hand vehicles are increasing exponentially while roads are getting blocked due to the mega-development drive of the City District Government of Karachi (CDGK). Instead of doing the development work in phases, the CDGK has opened all fronts in one go, leaving Karachi digged up from one end to the other.
People just don’t follow the rules and they break signals this cause a big traffic jams and due to a simple mistake people stuck in traffic for hours and hours.
Reckless driving
Reckless driving or dangerous driving is a serious moving traffic violation. Reckless driving is a mental state in which the driver of an automobile behaves recklessly; the driver often misjudges common driving procedures, often causing accidents and other damages. Reckless driving has been studied by psychologists.
Reckless driving involves:
1) Wheelie on bikes
2) Driving car faster than the stated kilo meter on the sign board.
3) Changing lanes without giving indicators.
Road accidents:
A car accident is a road traffic incident that usually involves one road vehicle colliding with another vehicle or other road user, animal, or a stationary roadside object, and can result in injury, property damage, and death.
Writing on walls:
Still the activists are using Wall Chalking as their way of expression which is not only hurting the property and damper our image as a good nation but also damper the efforts of the cause. It is a harmful way of expression as they are hurting the Gov Property (means property of people) for their personal advantage.
In a third world country, information is a luxury that the country cannot afford. Even if it is affordable, people aren’t resourceful enough to access it. So to make information accessible to all and sundry at economical rates or free of cost, the governments of third world country engage in noble and daunting task of disseminating information and updating the people about the social services performed by their beloved government and the great strides the country is making in the field of technology and development. It makes the people proud of themselves regardless of miserable condition they are in. How else would the people of 3rd world countries like Iraq or North Korea could stand upright if they had no official line; they would have never known (especially if they were tuned to international media only, feeding them lies and half truths) that they are among the greatest nations of the world with the most forthright and outspoken leaders Nevertheless, it is the responsibility of the government to improve the standard of living of a common man. It achieves it through different mechanisms but none is more effective and long lasting than education. At least this is what we believe and this is very much obvious if you are tuned to the official TV channel. It runs programs imparting education and vocational training such as programs telling farmers how to grow cotton; programs to bring the masses up to the technical level of developed countries such how to repair irons at home, how to make a transistor radio, how to sew shalwaars.
Be it the revival of deposed judges or a matter of recent inflation disaster, thanks to toilets, people are free to write anything they cannot easily express in public. Shy lovers often express their love through toilet walls. ‘I love you xyz’ is the most common feature here. Furthermore, accusing each other for many disgusting deeds is another standard practice among washroom fans. Local politicians, especially from the ruling party are also discussed through toilet walls. That’s why, politicians, ministers and government authorities should regularly use public toilets to get enlightened with public opinion. Public toilets are also akin to ballot boxes wherein people cast the real vote with more confidence. In fact, a whole election campaign is run in the washrooms.
Full of slang words and vulgar expressions, toilet walls also offer very serious comments on numerous political, organizational and regional matters as well. Every word written in the toilet needs no clarification for the reader; it’s quite open in context and bluntly written to covey the intended message without any kind of euphemism.
Spitting here and there:
Spitting or expectoration is the act of forcibly ejecting saliva or other substances from the mouth. It is normally considered rude and a social taboo in many parts of the world, though spitting can still be occasionally observed in some places. It is possible to transmit infectious diseases in this way.
Giving bribes
Its cause a lot of effect in the country. By giving bribes to the police man the country suffers and after that no one follows the rules. And if they are caught by the police they give bribe to them. This is caused of the police man are not highly paid and that’s again cause of lack of civic sense.
Smoking in public places
The entire person knows about smoking is banned in public places but there are people who smokes in public places. In this day and age, smoking becomes common things for the people. They always smoke without concern about the surroundings. Some people thought smoking can liberate their tension and can relax their mind. How about the nonsmoker?
Are they can release their tension too, or they will get the secondhand smoke? Actually, smoking can give lots of negative effects for the smoker and the secondhand smoker. Smoking can harm our bodies in many ways, but it is especially harmful to the lungs of a person with asthmas. Tobacco smoke is a powerful trigger of asthma symptoms. That is why I am extremely agreed that, smoking should be banned in the public places so that the nonsmoker will live in the pink of health. Below are reasons why smoking should be banned in public places.
Usually, smokings are allowed at the sideways, restaurant and also at the community centers. These places have many people including the children. Let says, there is a smoker at those places; automatically the people surroundings will be the secondhand smoker. Usually, people don't smoke because they understand the danger of smoking. But, what we worried about is the secondhand smoker. It is because the secondhand smoke may be the main factor in causing to a number of health problems. Mostly, the secondhand smoke will irritate our lungs and it also can reduce the oxygen in our blood.
Furthermore, the secondhand smoke can harm the cardiovascular system of nonsmokers in many ways. For one thing, it causes coronary heart disease, such as a heart attack. It also can damage blood vessels. The secondhand smokes also will effects for the other people especially the children. The effects are worst during the child's first five years, since the child may spend the size of that time with smoking parents. The secondhand smoke will disturb the child physical and cognitive development.
Drinking and driving:
Alcohol is a drug, a very popular drug. Alcohol has been around for a long time, and people have always enjoyed its effects. Many people have passions for alcohol, some people have refrigerators filled with beer, and many others are wine connoisseurs. Alcohol always seems to liven up the party. But no madder what your preference is, alcohol can be very dangerous when combined with the operation of an automobile. If you can remember only a few things from this report remember this: driving drunk is unsafe to you, and everyone else around you. The driver's of other cars, pedestrians, etc. Driving drunk can also be very, very costly: insurance surcharges, insurance rates, tickets, and fines.
You should understand what alcohol does to you before we go on. Alcohol is a depressant, and often enhances your mood. If you’re angry, after a couple drinks you may be quite possibly angrier. If you are sad, you probably will feel sadder after some drinks. It is not good to drink and drive when you are in a good mood, but your driving is also influenced by your mood. It can make you drive faster, pay attention less, etc. Studies have shown that the combination of anger and drinking is responsible for much of reckless driving. Not only can alcohol enhance your mood, but it has been proven that it can quickly alter your mood. When alcohol is consumed, it is not digested. It passes through your stomach and small intestine directly into the bloodstream and is carried to all parts of your body. It reaches your brain in small amounts. When alcohol is ingested in larger amounts, it dulls the area of your brain that control inhibition, judgment, and self-control. Hopefully you can see how this could be detrimental to your health when driving. Drinking.
It easy to avoid it if you are educated. If half the people who have their license knew the penalties for getting caught, many people would not do it. Education is key.
Throwing trash/garbage on the roads:
We should improve the trash throwing system of Karachi, Pakistan. As there is objection on throwing the garbage on the roads or on the streets. If we compare it to America, there is a proper rule which every citizen has to follow it, and if someone breaks their rule he/she has to pay a heavy fine. Throwing liter on the roads is common in Karachi. On some places there are some rules and regulations but most of us don’t follow the rule and do what they want. Well the blame goes to both the citizens and the government also. As there are sufficient rules made and the actions are not taken by the government and somehow the dustbins are also not available. Government should take some prompt steps and set their rule that if someone is throwing the garbage not on the proper place then there should be a specific fine that has to be paid by the person. The government of Pakistan should make one criteria and an organization and they should announce that the Shopkeepers and residents of the roads which they are connected to would have to keep their own dustbins and garbage generated by them would either be collected by the PMC or they can dump the garbage at identified points only. That department should also provide vehicles to the PMC in which special teams would move on the notified roads for keeping a tab on the defaulters.
Garbage is now replacing sea life on Karachi beach, sea view. There is a gutter line flowing towards sea view and there is no one to cover it. 10 years ago Karachi Sea View beach used to have silver white sand in the morning it used to be filled with Crabs, sea slugs and sea birds, but now we only see GARBAGE. I think it’s time to start calling it Trash View.
It seems nature and sea life is giving its final message currently Sea view beach is filled with seashell. It seems that the sea life is suffering from high level of pollution. Government is not taking any actions and citizens are always there in the water to enjoy, in that dirty water.

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Methodology:
The study adopts survey research design. Karachi was selected as the target population. From this population general people had been selected as a sample. These people were randomly selected. It is hoped that the results will be generalized on a similar population. Figure 2.1 shows the research design used for the study.
3.2 Research Design:
At the first step of the research the problem was crystallized and refined. In the second step all the research objectives were formulated. In the third step the instruments which were mainly the questionnaire and the interview schedule, were developed on the basic of the selected research problem. After the development of the instruments, in the 4th step these instruments were pilot tested on a relatively smaller sample. After pilot testing, data was collected from the actual sample. This data was then analyzed through inferential and descriptive statistics. In the final step recommendations were made in the light of all the major findings.
3.3 Sample and Population:
Population of the study comprises of all people living in Karachi in Tariq road, and Smchs
The study adopts stratified random sampling design. Figure 2.2 and 2.3 shows the design in detail.
· Stratified Random Sampling Design

30


3.4 Reliability
Reliability refers to a condition where a measurement process yields consistent scores (given an unchanged measured phenomenon) over repeat measurements. Perhaps the most straightforward way to assess reliability is to ensure that they meet the following three criteria of reliability. Measures that are high in reliability should exhibit all three.
1. Test-retest Reliability
2. Inter-item reliability
3. Interobserver reliability
3.5 Validity
To reiterate, validity refers to the extent we are measuring what we hope to measure (and what we think we are measuring). How to assess the validity of a set of measurements? A valid measure should satisfy four criteria.
1. Face Validity
2. Content Validity
3. Criterion-related Validity
4. Construct Validity
3.6 Data Collection
The data will be collected through primary and secondary sources.
Secondary Sources:
The focus will be to get the information from newspapers and magazines. The second priority is the internet, to find if any research work has been done previously on this subject which can be of great help in supporting the point of view.
Primary Sources: Will consist of questionnaires and personal observation.
Questionnaires
The target audience for the questionnaires will be the people of Karachi. It includes government officials, faculty members, students and publics. The expected response rate is high as Karachi is a metro city.. However 65% response is beneficial enough to consider our research to be useful. The questionnaires distributed among individuals are thirty.
3.7 Ethical Considerations
To be a study or a research to achieve success and accuracy, it is most that the ethical considerations should be practiced. Table 2.5, shows the ethical considerations taken by the researcher.
Table 2.5




3.8 Research Findings:
· According to the survey which I have conducted, I have found that Lack of civic sense is common among those who are illiterate, they are not well sufficient for their livelihood, they are not bothered about civic sense due to lack of awareness and education.

· Another finding which this research gives me is that people are not responsible regarding their duties that are why they violate rules.

· My report will help people to be civilized well mannered, which they are lacking and will create awareness among citizens of my city.

4. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Data Analysis
Q1. Does Karachi lack in civic sense?
Choices
Respondents
Strongly Agree
10
Agree
10
neither agree nor disagree
5
Disagree
5
Strongly Disagree
0
It can be clearly seen from the above document that 50% of the population strongly agrees and 20% of the population agrees with the fact that lack of civic sense is increasing nowadays in karachi.While, 10% of the population disagreed with this fact. Whereas, 20% of the population neither agrees nor disagrees.

Q2: Why do we tend to throw garbage in open rather than dust-bins?

Choices
Respondents
we are not civilized
10
there is a certain lack of civic sense in us
5
our life is not disciplined
5
we don’t do this
10
It can be clearly seen from the above document that 33% of the population strongly agrees and 17% of the population agrees with the fact that we tend to throw garbage in open rather than dust-bins. While, 33% of the population disagree with this fact.


Q3: What govt. move can be taken to inculcate civic responsibility among Pakistani to maintain public hygiene?
Choices
Respondents
They have to make rules and should stick to it.
12
hire more sweepers
8
import some machinery to do these things fast
6
All of the above
4

It can be seen from the above table that only 52% of the population think that they have to make rules and should stick to it. While 35% of the population says that we should hire more sweepers. Whereas, 13% people say that Govt should import some machinery to do these things fast.
Q4: Why people spit/throw waste on roads or in public places?
Choices
Respondents
They don’t find dustbins?
15
No one is there to prohibit us.
10
Psychological problem among us.
5
It can be seen from the above table that most of the population think that they don’t find dustbins that’s why they through garbage on roads. While some said that no one is there to prohibit us. Whereas 10% of the population believes that is the Psychological problem among us.

Q5: Are you conscious about having a license and tax paid of your vehicle?
Choices
Respondents
yes
5
no
10
doesn’t matter we can gave bribe and get free
15
It can be clearly seen from the above document that 25% of the population says yes and 50% of the population says no. While, 25% of the population says that it doesn’t matter we can gave bribe and get free.







Q.6 Why do you break signals?
Choices
Respondents
Psychological problem
5
Due to lack of rules and regulations.
15
Due to emergency.
10
It can be clearly seen from the above document that 50% of the population says that it is due to the psychological problem and 25% of the population agrees with the fact that it is due to the lack of rules and regulations. While, 25% of the population says that they break traffic signals due to emergency.





Q7: Can you take out work in government office without offering them bribe?
Choices
Respondents
Strongly Agree
5
Agree
5
Disagree
20
It can be clearly seen from the above document that 25% of the population strongly agrees and 25% of the population agrees with the fact that they can take out work in government office without offering them bribe While, 50% of the population disagrees and they says that we have to give bribe otherwise we can’t take out work.








Q8: Why don’t buses stop at bus stops?
Choices
Respondents
Is it because people don’t stand there
5
Due to bus drivers don’t wont to stand in a cue of buses
5
The buses are having races with other buses so they can’t see their bus stops.
10
All of the above.
10
It can be clearly seen from the above document that 30% of the population says that is it because people don’t stand there 30% says that it is because bus drivers don’t wont to stand in a cue of buses 20% says that the buses are having races with other buses so they can’t see their bus stops. While 20% says that it is due to all these reasons.

Q9: Many of the people temper their electricity meters and put kundaas. What is the cause of this?
Choices
Respondents
High rates
10
People can’t afford
10
For saving their money
5
All of the above.
5
It can be seen from the above table that only 40% of the population think that it is due to high rates that’s why they put kundaas, 40% says that they can’t afford high electricity rates that’s why they do this while 5% says that they do this for saving money.



Q10: what is the cause of lack of civic sense?

Choices
Respondents
Lack of Education
15
Lack of awareness among people
10
Both
5
It can be seen from the above table that 75% of the population says that lack of education is the cause of lack of civic sense, 15% says that there is lack of awareness among people that’s why they don’t follow rules and spit here and there and spoiling their own city while 10% says that both are the major causes of this problem.
4.2 Result
Lack of Education:-
Lack of education plays a vital role in lack of civic sense. As seen in the research that mostly people are not educated and they don’t know about the things going around them. Even they don’t know the rules of society and they even don’t bother to know the rules. Due to this cause they do whatever comes in their mind.
Lack of Concentration:
Lack of concentration means that people don’t focus on the things which are in their surroundings. Like a smoker, smokes in a public place and he never realizes that the surroundings are getting effect by it.
Self Esteem:
High self esteem is good but it should not be so much high that the person thinks that he’s everything. He should manage his self with the surroundings and there should be a team work and in which everyone has the authority to give their opinions.
Negative Thinking:
Negative thinking means that a person should see everything in a negative way. He should think positively as a positive thinking is the mental attitude that expects good and favorable results. The person should think with the calm mind rather then getting frustrated on the topic.
He Thinks He’s All:
A person should not think that he’s all. He should follow the things with the surroundings and he should not think that he’s the only boss or he knows everything. He should give a chance to everyone to speak something or come across with their personal ideas.

5. Conclusion
This report is completely based on the perceptions of people of Karachi. It has been derived that from this report that after the whole research of lack of civic sense the basic problem we are having is due to lack of education. Due to this reason people are so self obsessed that they don’t even bother to follow the rules. Even the government Organizations are not managed and don’t have the proper rules and they don’t do their work by honesty so people have to gave them bribe to take out there work done and they are not properly organized. Present government of Karachi has tried to develop all areas of Karachi but people put banners, color the walls with spray paints, spit here and there etc.

6. RECOMMENDATIONS
· It can be seen from question number 1 and question number 2 that most of the population of Karachi is lacking civic sense and they through garbage’s and waste on roads instead of dustbins there is a need for creating more awareness amongst citizens of Karachi so that in future they will not spoil the beauty of their own city themselves.
· The CDGK should have to take steps regarding this problem because this is also polluting our environment and it also leave bas impression on the minds of other who visited our city.
· According to question number 7 almost 50% of the people said that our govt departments are so corrupted now that we can’t even take our work out without giving them bribe and no one feel ashamed while doing this. So we have to change ourselves we have to follow proper rules and regulations and should stick to them.
· The fourth recommendation that I, as the researcher, would like to give that traffic police should also have to pay attention towards their duty and they should take strict action against those drivers who doesn’t follow rules and regulations and break traffic signals, stop buses in the middle of the roads. As 30% people have said that buses are having races because of which they break rules with no care.
· In Question number 9 I have asked people that why they put kundaas, they said that it is due to high electricity rates and low salaries. So I think to stop such things govt should lower down the electricity rates and increase the salary of govt employees so that they don’t need to do these things.

· As a researcher I would recommend that our govt should improve education line because it is the key to success, if education is not their then we can’t go up, as we can see from question number 10 that 50% people say that this problem is due to lack of education and 40% say that due to lack of awareness. So in order to overcome these things we should have to improve quality of education and to create awareness among people.

7. REFERENCE
Lack of Civic Sense
http://sugandha-agnani.blogspot.com/2006/11/lack-of-civic-sense.html
Last viewed: 8th April 2010
Causes of crime in Pakistan
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_causes_of_crime_in_Pakistan
Last viewed: 10th March 2010
Pakistan: A quick look
http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/media-gallery/-pakistan-a-quick-look-ek
Last viewed: 18th April 2010
ITP vow action against reckless driving http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009\05\04\story_4-5-2009_pg11_10
Last viewed: 28th April 2010

8. APPENDIX
STUDENT’S PERCEPTIONS ABOUT LACK OF CIVIC SENSE
To support our hypothesis we conducted a research on the problems which Pakistan is facing and what are the factors by which civic sense is lacking in citizens of Pakistan. In the following questionnaire we have tried our level best to cover all the factors of lack of civic sense. Following are the questions which we asked by the residents of the area of our research i.e. all over Karachi.
Q U E S T I O N N A I R E
TOPIC: LACK OF CIVIC SENSE
NAME: _________________________ AGE: ____________________________
AREA: _________________________ PROFESSION: ___________________
INSTRUCTION:
BEFORE FILLING THE FOLOWING QUESITONS PLEASE WRITE THE COMPLETE INFORMATION PROVIDED ABOVE.
Q1. Does Karachi lack in civic sense?
Choices
Respondents
Strongly Agree
Agree
neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree

Q2: Why do we tend to throw garbage in open rather than dust-bins?

Choices
Respondents
we are not civilized
there is a certain lack of civic sense in us
our life is not disciplined
we don’t do this

Q3: What govt. move can be taken to inculcate civic responsibility among Pakistani to maintain public hygiene?

Choices
Respondents
They have to make rules and should stick to it.
hire more sweepers
import some machinery to do these things fast
All of the above

Q4: Why people spit/throw waste on roads or in public places?

Choices
Respondents
They don’t find dustbins?
No one is there to prohibit us.
Psychological problem among us.

Q5: Are you conscious about having a license and tax paid of your vehicle?

Choices
Respondents
yes
no
doesn’t matter we can gave bribe and get free

Q.6 Why do you break signals?

Choices
Respondents
Psychological problem
Due to lack of rules and regulations.
Due to emergency.

Q7: Can you take out work in government office without offering them bribe?

Choices
Respondents
Strongly Agree
Agree
Disagree

Q8: Why don’t buses stop at bus stops?

Choices
Respondents
Is it because people don’t stand there
Due to bus drivers don’t wont to stand in a cue of buses
The buses are having races with other buses so they can’t see their bus stops.
All of the above.





Q9: Many of the people temper their electricity meters and put kundaas. What is the cause of this?


Choices
Respondents
High rates
People can’t afford
For saving their money
All of the above.

Q10: what is the cause of lack of civic sense?

Choices
Respondents
Lack of Education
Lack of awareness among people
Both

2012: Fabrication or Reality

2012: Fabrication and Reality

By

SYED WAJAHAT ALI
FARAZ UL HAQ
UMAIR SHAHID
MOHAMMAD HARIS SHEIKH
ASAD ESSA
KHAWAJA FAREED

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Statement of problem
To explain the 2012 phenomenon explicitly to the general audience and to dig the archives of renowned scholars to explain what will be the implication and ultimately the conclusion of this event.

1.2 Statement of the Hypothesis
The primary research questions and hypothesis for this study will be:
1. What are emotional factors and reactions involved with 2012?
2. What are the religious factors that people associate with 2012?
3. Is there a significant relationship between 2012 and the human psyche?
4. What is the general opinion of our sample audience about 2012?
5. The frequency of involvement of people in 2012 and related topics.
6. What is the level of awareness of people about 2012?
7. The degree to which people agree/disagree with 2012.






3. METHODOLOGY
3.1 Purpose and research questions
On the course of our primary research that we conducted for this report via interviews and questionnaires, we stumbled upon some startling facts. The fact was that almost every person was aware of 2012 phenomenon superficially but when we asked them the reason for accepting or discarding 2012, almost all the people failed to answer that question saying that they don’t have the facts. This off course meant that they have been denying and some accepting the 2012 phenomenon without any concrete evidence about it.
It was this unanticipated fact that motivated us to explain to general audience the merit and demerit of each theory to build a better understanding among them so that they may be saved from being exploited both emotionally and economically in the name of 2012 as many have been in the past decade. By knowing the actual facts, they will be able to build their own stance at the same time help those around them from being deceived.
The primary research questions and hypothesis for this study will be:
1. What are emotional factors and reactions involved with 2012?
2. What are the religious factors that people associate with 2012?
3. Is there a significant relationship between 2012 and the human psyche?
4. What is the general opinion of our sample audience about 2012?
5. The frequency of involvement of people in 2012 and related topics.
6. What is the level of awareness of people about 2012?
7. The degree to which people agree/disagree with 2012.

3.2 Population and sampling
The population we targeted was that of IQRA UNIVERSITY which included students of BBA, MBA, MEDIA SCIENCE and ENGINEERING. The research used Random sampling. Out of the 10,000 or so students currently studying at IQRA UNIVERSITY, our sampling consisted of 50 students. We talked to these 50 students and asked them questions that we will include at the end of the report. We have included 10 questionnaires as a sample in this report.

The sample for this research can be defined as individuals both male/female with in the age limit of 20-25 years, all belonging to urban areas and all had heard about 2012 phenomenon. The sample audience belonged to educated families and were continuing there education at IQRA UNIVERSITY.

3.3 Instrumentation
The instrument that we used in this research report was semi structured questionnaire which were designed by us whose content reflected the research objectives at the same time complimenting our research purpose.

We have included the filled questionnaires that we collected from our sample audience in this report for further reading.

3.4 Procedure and time frame
The research was initiated on 27th February 2010 and it was completed on 28th April 2010 during which a series of interviews and questions were asked to the sample audience.

3.5 Analysis plan
Since the research instrument of ours was a semi structured questionnaire, a thematic analysis will be used to analyze the collected data. The second method that will be exploited during the analysis process is content comparative method.

3.6 Validity and reliability
We used the Content validity technique to make sure that our data was valid. The questionnaire was made after consulting the faculty members of the research subjects and also our research subject teacher Dr.Khalid Jameel Rawat and Najmun Nisa.
The reliability of our data was tested by correlation process. In this process we asked the same question with slightly different wording in different parts of the survey. The correlation between the items was perfect and hence we concluded that the data we collected was reliable.

3.7 Assumptions
The assumptions that we made are as following:
· The sample audience represents the actual population that we targeted.
· The sample audience answered the questions honestly and without any bias.
· The instruments we used were reliable and valid.
· The data we collected we collected can be generalized over the entire population.


3.8 Scope and limitations
The limitations are as follow:
The sample audience was a fraction compared to the actual population due to the time constraint.
Some interviews with experts were cancelled due to budget constraints.
The data analyzed was had its limitations as all the data could not be analyzed.
The human error was a great limitation because considering the nature of the research, no computer software was used.
The sample audience we interviewed did not have extensive and in depth knowledge about the topic 2012.
Due to budget and time constrained, we were limited to IQRA UNIVERSITY only.

4. DATA ANALYSIS
4.1 Result
The analysis of the data was done using thematic analysis and qualitative method was used. The questions were group in topics and themes and the following results were achieved due to our research:

4.2 People perception about 2012
The analysis of the questionnaire and the data we collected from our sample audience is that most an overwhelming majority perceives 2012 as something of a myth rather than a reality and there reason behind this is there religion. Almost all say that there religion says nothing about 2012 so they are inclined to believe that 2012 is a myth.

4.3 Effect of the prediction on people’s life
Even though in this report we outlined several doomsday theories about the earth coming to a apocalyptic end while prehistoric planets crashing in on earth, the people even though exposed to these theories seems to have little interest in them and explicitly mention them as being hoax. However, when asked about there sources and reasons for not accepting, they either wade of the question or simple say that they have not done their own research to answer that question.

4.4 Source of research for 2012
This was perhaps the most significant question that we asked from our sample audience and the results were not surprising at all, in fact they were almost anticipated. A resounding 100% maintained that internet is a primary source of there research regarding 2012 and that wikipedia is there base camp. They maintain that they usually use websites like wikipedia and infomania to know about different 2012 related topics if they desire but at the same time they maintain that they only skim read the content to get a basic idea.

4.5 The level of awareness
The level of awareness among people is a paradox. While all members of the sample audience maintained that they were aware of 2012, but when we asked them to explain any one particular theory in detail, almost all the sample audience got confused and started to mix one theory with the other and ended making their new theory. This goes to show that even though 2012 is such a hot topic of discussion these days, very few actually bother to do their own objective research to find out the facts and an overwhelming majority simple rely on word of mouth while picking up fragments from one place and another to facilitate their minds for the time beings without digging deep.

4.6 The psychological effect of 2012
It became quite apparent in this part of the questionnaire that people are psychologically effected by 2012.A example is that everyone we interviewed and question seems to relate 2012 to the destruction of the world and apocalypse yet apocalypse is just a part of the 2012 phenomenon. One can safely conclude on the basis of this analysis that the movie “2012” played a pivotal part in inducing the apocalypse theory in people’s subconscious and triggering a psychological effect. There were people from our sample group who were concerned about 2012 however a huge majority said otherwise but the psychological impact of 2012 was obvious among the entire sample audience.


4.7 The level of interest in 2012
Through the course of this research, it became quite apparent that people do take a keen interest in this topic 2012.However it was also reveled on the analysis of several questions that people do only superficial research which is quite dangerous in a sense that little knowledge is dangerous than ignorance. The probability of being mislead increases and they become quite expose to exploitation.


CONCLUSION
The research that we took was an exhausting and no doubt required an extensive research .It is based on the date we collected using questionnaires and interviews that we came to know about the actual level of awareness of the population.

After the analysis of the date the results can be summarized in the following way.

People are psychologically effected by 2012.A paradigm is that each person we interviewed and questioned seems to narrate 2012 to the devastation of the world and apocalypse yet end of the world is just a part of the 2012 phenomenon. We can securely conclude on the basis of this analysis that the movie “2012” played a pivotal part in inducing the apocalypse theory in people’s subconscious and triggering a psychological effect. There were people from our sample group who were concerned about 2012 however a huge majority said otherwise but the psychological impact of 2012 was obvious among the entire sample audience.

The examination of the questionnaire and the data we collected from our sample audience is that a vast majority perceives 2012 as something of a myth rather than a reality and there reason behind this is there religion. Almost all say that there religion says nothing about 2012 so they are inclined to believe that 2012 is a myth. This shows the religious supremacy over their intellectual mind. They wade off 2012 on the basis of their religion without investigating from themselves.Through the course of this research, it became quite apparent that people do take a keen interest in this topic 2012.However it was also reveled on the analysis of several questions that people do only superficial research which is quite dangerous in a sense that little knowledge is dangerous than ignorance. The probability of being mislead increases and they become quite expose to exploitation.

The level of awareness among people is a paradox. While all members of the sample audience maintained that they were aware of 2012, but when we asked them to explain any one particular theory in detail, almost all the sample audience got confused and started to mix one theory with the other and ended making their new theory. This goes to show that even though 2012 is such a hot topic of discussion these days, very few actually bother to do their own objective research to find out the facts and an overwhelming majority simple rely on word of mouth while picking up fragments from one place and another to facilitate their minds for the time beings without digging deep.

The most noteworthy question that we asked from our sample audience was that of there source about 2012 and the results were not surprising at all, in fact they were almost anticipated. A resounding 100% maintained that internet is a primary source of there research regarding 2012 and that wikipedia is there base camp. They uphold that they generally use websites like wikipedia and google to be acquainted with different 2012 associated topics if they desire but at the same time they maintain that they only skim read the content to get a basic idea.This shows explicitly that people are more concerned with getting superficial information regarding 2012 so that they may talk to their friends about it rather than an extensive research to stop people from being deceived.
Even though in this report we outlined several doomsday theories about the earth coming to a apocalyptic end while prehistoric planets crashing in on earth, the people even though exposed to these theories seems to have little interest in them and explicitly mention them as being hoax. However, when asked about there sources and reasons for not accepting, they either wade of the question or simple say that they have not done their own research to answer that question. This ultimately suggests that a majority of the people never bother to actually dot their own research instead relying solely on the word of mouth of friends and go for sensationalism rather than concrete facts.

Also an important fact that appeared during the research is that all the theories regarding 2012 phenomenon that we investigated, there were multiple flaws in them that we exposed.This ultimately show you the credibility and

RECOMMENDATIONS

The following recommendation should be taken into account:
As someone great once said “Trust no one”. So is here.There is much data floating out here, therefore you need to o your own research without actually going for word of mouth since 9 times out of 10, it deceives
The authenticity of the date should be kept into consideration while research is underway so that you may have concrete evidence to support what you are saying.
Many people are being economically exploited , therefore having a sound research not only saves us from being exploited , but also those around us since we can educate them to stop them being deceived.











APPENDIX

The following instrument was used as research tool and we have sample questionnaire through which we collected much of the information about our sample audience.

Questionnaire

When was the first time you heard about 2012 and from where?

Did you do your own research about 2012?

From whom do you usually talk about 2012?

How often do you involve yourself in the discussions about 2012?

How often do you think about 2012 when you are alone?

Do you spend sometimes on the internet surfing about 2012?

Do you believe that 2012 will be the end of the world as we know it?

Do you feel any shift in your emotion when you talk about 2012?

Have you seen the movie 2012?

What is your opinion about the people who believe in 2012?

If you don’t believe that 2012 will be apocalyptic, what reason can you give to justify that?

If for the sake of argument it is confirmed that 2012 will be the end of time, what will be your first reaction?

Do you believe that 2012 is a fabrication or a deception?

There is a theory about 2012 which says that the world is not going to end but it will be a beginning of a new mind set for humans and the birth of a new mind. Do you consider this theory credible?

Don’t you think that 2012 is a good idea to get people together to do good deeds just because of the fear of the end of time?









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